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《贺新郎（次韵费五十九丈□□题秋山阁有感时事）》是宋代魏了翁所作的一首诗词。这首诗词描绘了一幅壮丽的自然景观，表达了对历史兴衰和人生短暂的思考。以下是对该诗词的中文译文、诗意和赏析：

霞下天垂宇，
Under the rosy clouds, the sky stretches,
倚阑干、月华都在，大明生处。
Leaning on the railings, the moonlight shines, heralding the birth of a new day.

扶木元高三千丈，
Tall trees reach three thousand zhang (a unit of length in ancient China),
不分闲云无数。
Countless leisurely clouds intermingle.

谩转却、人间朝暮。
In vain, the mundane world revolves day and night.

万古兴亡心一寸，
In the rise and fall of countless ages, the heart remains unchanged,
只涓涓、日夜随流注。
Flowing steadily, day and night, like a tiny stream.

奈与世，不同趣。
Yet, it differs in essence from the world's pursuits.

齐封冀甸今何许。
What is the state of Qi, Feng, and Ji today? (referring to ancient territorial divisions)

百年间、欲招不住，欲推不去。
Within a hundred years, desires cannot be retained nor pushed away.

闸断河流障海水，
The broken sluice dams the river and blocks the sea,

未放游鱼甫甫。
Preventing the free swimming of fish.

叹多少、英雄尘土。
Sighing for the countless heroes who have turned to dust.

挟客凭高西风外，
Accompanied by guests, leaning on the railing, outside the west wind,

问举头、还见南山否。
I raise my head and ask, can I still see the southern mountains?

花烂熳，草蕃蔗。
Flowers bloom brilliantly, grass thrives.

这首诗词以自然景观为背景，通过描绘霞光、月光、高大的树木和流动的云朵，表达了壮丽的自然景色。作者通过对兴衰和人生短暂的思考，表达了对历史和人世间变迁的感叹。诗中提到万古兴亡，人生短暂，与世间的追求和喧嚣有所区别。作者还借用了齐、封、冀、甸等古代行政区划的名字，暗示了时光的流转和历史的更迭。

最后两句诗表达了作者对英雄的缅怀和对自然的向往。作者挟客凭高，迎着西风，抬头问道，是否还能见到南山，展现了对自然景色和远方的渴望。花朵盛开，草木茂盛，再次强调了自然的美好和生机。

整首诗词以自然景色为线索，通过对自然景观的描绘和对历史兴衰的思考，表达了对人生短暂和追求真实意义的思考，同时也展现了对自然和远方的向往之情。